The Linguist

Chartered Institute of Linguists WINTER 2024 The Linguist 11 FEATURES that may not be universally recognised. Sensitive terminology, such as that related to gender or religious law, requires careful handling to avoid misrepresentation. For example, the word ق و ا م ة ('qawamah'), which refers to men as protectors or maintainers of families, can be contentious when translated. Similarly, ح ج ا ب ('hijab'), which carries layered meanings related to modesty and identity, needs a nuanced approach. Failure to convey the theological and cultural implications of such terms could alter the intended meaning of legal rulings. For example ص د ق ة ('sadaqah'), often translated as 'charity', encompasses a wider range of voluntary giving that reflects a deeper social responsibility. Similarly, ح ر ا م ('haram'), which denotes something forbidden, carries specific implications in Arabic that might be oversimplified in English. KEY STRATEGIES To address the challenges of translating Islamic content effectively, several key strategies may be employed. First and foremost, linguistic expertise is indispensable; translators must possess a profound understanding of both source and target languages to navigate the intricacies of vocabulary and grammar. Collaborating with scholars in the fields of linguistics and exegesis can provide invaluable insights into the nuances and contextual meanings of terms. Contextualisation is also essential, as it allows translators to incorporate cultural and historical backgrounds to enhance comprehension. Using footnotes and explanatory notes can clarify complex ideas or references that may not be familiar to the target audience. For example, Al-Hilali and Khan transliterate the term ا ل م ح ر ا ب as Al- Mihrab and add a footnote: 'a praying place or a private room'. Additionally, awareness of differing interpretations among Islamic scholars can guide translators in selecting the most appropriate wording for sensitive concepts. When translating the term ، ا ل ر ب ا ('riba') some scholars emphasise its prohibition of exploitative lending practices while others take a broader view. Translators aware of these differing interpretations may choose a word like 'usury' instead of 'interest' to better reflect the context and avoid confusion. Adapting translations for rhythm and poetic quality is also vital. A J Arberry, a scholar of Islamic studies and classical Arabic, emphasised the musicality of the Quranic text. In The Koran Interpreted, he translated the Opening Chapter as: "Praise belongs to God, the Lord of all Being, the All-merciful, the All-compassionate, the Master of the Day of Doom. Thee only we serve; to Thee alone we pray for succour." Arberry carefully structured his translation to reflect the rhythmic cadence of the Arabic. While it is impossible to fully replicate the sound and poetic nature of the Qur'an, his approach aims to preserve the beauty and lyrical essence as much as possible. While translations aim to enhance accessibility to the Qur'an, significant elements can be lost, highlighting the need to engage with the original Arabic text whenever possible. Future translators should undertake their task with a profound sense of responsibility and an awareness of the complexities involved. They should remain receptive to the multiplicity of interpretations within Islamic tradition, recognising the importance of footnotes and explanatory notes to clarify ambiguous terms and concepts. Ultimately, a thoughtful and collaborative approach will help to ensure that future translations convey the richness and depth of this sacred text.

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