The Linguist

Chartered Institute of Linguists WINTER 2025 The Linguist 15 FEATURES common text. Based on the arguments in the text, an essay can be written; analytical questions can be asked; the text can be summarised in whole or in part; or keywords can be extracted. Using a template Is it really feasible for a teacher to prepare different activities for each learner before every lesson? The intention of the Deíntra method certainly isn't to place an additional burden on teachers who already face a heavy workload. Instead it provides a framework to facilitate differentiation. Whatever approach a teacher adopts, using a coursebook for the first time always requires preparation time. With the Deíntra method, each unit must be examined for the learning stages it contains so a 'template' can be overlaid onto it identifying those stages. Each stage has key exercises and once a learner is able to complete them successfully, it indicates that the intended learning progress has been achieved. These interval goals can be partly – and increasingly – documented by learners themselves. The Deíntra method encourages people to practise areas that promise success, rather than insisting that everyone completes every step. There will be aspects that not all learners are able to master; perhaps they would benefit more from additional exercises from an easier part of the topic. Consider the construction of the three 'if clauses' – when a student is struggling to understand, isn't it better for them to master only the first and second type than none at all? Naturally, some textbooks are more suited to this style of learning than others. For instance, if tests are included after each lesson, these can be used or adapted as needed. A comprehensive vocabulary section that introduces new words and terms in context helps accommodate different learning speeds. An abundance of targeted practice materials is always beneficial. Portfolio building The teacher's main preparation work lies in designing a portfolio and maintaining one for each student. This is a way of charting progress and making sure all the essential parts of the course are covered. The portfolio can take the form of a simple table with columns for the name of the unit, the completed task, the date, and student and teacher signatures. An additional 'Remarks' field, where comments or further planned actions can be entered, has proven useful. The area of portfolio development is probably the most important aspect of the Deíntra method and since the design lies in the hands of the school or teacher it should be the topic of staff development sessions. Students also need training, especially if they are not used to working with portfolios. It is crucial that teachers and learners do not see portfolio building as extra bureaucracy but as a replacement for previous methods of course administration. It also offers weaker pupils the opportunity to receive certification for their achievements by documenting participation that falls outside the scope of formal tests. At more advanced levels, the achievements documented in the portfolio will become more extensive and nuanced. Students may be asked to compile presentations, longer essays or project documentation. A positive environment It is desirable that language learning using the Deíntra method is supported by the school management. Implementing the method requires an adjustment period for both learners and teachers. I have used this approach in different contexts with different sized groups and students of all ages. In every case, stress and frustration decreased for everyone involved, while all learners experienced measurable learning progress, even if the pace at which they moved through the programme differed. To work effectively, it is important that learners are familiar with their textbook. They should be informed about its structure and reflect on the objectives to be achieved before and during each lesson. This results in learners taking increasing responsibility for their progress. They learn to assess themselves realistically so that they are neither overwhelmed nor under-challenged by the activities. This, in turn, increases their motivation and self-confidence and has a positive influence on progress. Student frustration, and any resulting disruption, is noticeably reduced. Establishing such a relaxed and positive working atmosphere makes teachers' work lives easier and can benefit their job satisfaction. PARALLEL LEARNING Deíntra teachers eschew frontal teaching and instead turn their attention where it is needed

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