The Linguist

@CIOL_Linguists SUMMER 2024 The Linguist 23 FEATURES translation or a parallel idiom. Neither offers a clear advantage, making it difficult for the translator to choose the best approach. So what are the four main techniques that can be used for effective idiomatic translation? 1. Literal translation A literal translation often preserves the original flavour of the idiomatic expression and captures its intended meaning. It can even serve as an opportunity to enrich the target language and expand readers' conceptual world. 目から鱗が落ちる (me kara uroko ga ochiru) can easily be translated into English using the literal meaning: 'the scales fell from my eyes'. This conveys the idea of suddenly realising the truth or seeing things clearly. The two idioms in the different languages have similar literal and implied meanings, rendering a smooth translation. 2. Retaining the essence Retaining the essence of idiomatic expressions involves capturing their cultural and emotional significance. Translators may choose to keep the original word or phrase accompanied by an explanation or note to provide clarity. In the translation of the Japanese idiom 一期一 会 (ichi-go ichi-e; lit. 'one time, one meeting'), the translator may opt to retain the original phrase and provide a footnote explaining its significance in Japanese culture, particularly in the context of valuing the present moment. Cultural nuances are often deeply embedded within idioms, reflecting societal norms and values. Take, for instance, 仏の顔 も三度まで (hotoke no kao mo sando made), which translates as 'Even Buddha's face shows anger three times'. This implies that even the most patient individuals have their limits. When translating such idioms it is crucial to maintain the underlying cultural significance. In this case, a suitable English equivalent might be 'Even saints have their breaking points'. 3. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing offers a straightforward explanation or rephrasing of an idiomatic expression to ensure clarity and comprehension for the target audience. Instead of translating 春はあけぼの (haru wa akebono) literally as 'spring is at dawn', a translator may opt for the paraphrased version 'spring brings new beginnings', which captures the sense of the original while making it more accessible to English-speaking readers. 4. Maintaining natural flow In creative writing and communication, idioms infuse texts with authenticity and resonance. However, transplanting idioms across languages requires finesse. The phrase 猫を かぶる (neko o kaburu; lit. 'to wear a cat') signifies someone pretending to be innocent or naive. A literal translation may obscure its meaning. To maintain natural flow, a suitable adaptation could be 'to wear a mask' or the parallel idiom 'a wolf in sheep's clothing'. Translating idiomatic expressions often involves striking a delicate balance between fidelity to the source language and clarity in the target language. For example, 瓜二つ (uri futatsu) translates literally as 'two melons' but its intended meaning is 'two peas in a pod' or 'like two peas'. Here, the translator must prioritise conveying the idiomatic meaning to ensure comprehension and fluency in the target language. Idiomatic translation is a multifaceted art which serves as a vital bridge between languages and cultures, enriching both with the nuances of expression and cultural depth. As translators navigate this intricate terrain, they embark on a transformative journey of linguistic exploration, preserving the richness of idiomatic expressions for future generations. With each translation, we foster understanding and empathy, bridging divides and celebrating the diverse tapestry of human communication. LAYERS OF MEANING The expression 猫をかぶる literally means 'to wear a cat' but might best be translated as 'to wear a mask' to reflect the intended meaning

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